Parasha: Vayigash · Aliyah: Sixth (Yesod)

Genesis 46:28–47:10
מ"ו:כ"ח וְאֶת־יְהוּדָ֞ה שָׁלַ֤ח לְפָנָיו֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף לְהוֹרֹ֥ת לְפָנָ֖יו גֹּ֑שְׁנָה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַ֥רְצָה גֹּֽשֶׁן׃
46:28 He had sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph, to point the way before him to Goshen. So when they came to the region of Goshen,
46:28 And he sent Judah before him unto Joseph, to show the way before him unto Goshen; and they came into the land of Goshen.
מ"ו:כ"ח וְיָת יְהוּדָה שְׁלַח קֳדָמוֹהִי לְוַת יוֹסֵף לְפַנָּאָה קֳדָמוֹהִי לְגשֶׁן וַאֲתוֹ לְאַרְעָא דְגשֶׁן:
מ"ו:כ"ט וַיֶּאְסֹ֤ר יוֹסֵף֙ מֶרְכַּבְתּ֔וֹ וַיַּ֛עַל לִקְרַֽאת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אָבִ֖יו גֹּ֑שְׁנָה וַיֵּרָ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיִּפֹּל֙ עַל־צַוָּארָ֔יו וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ עַל־צַוָּארָ֖יו עֽוֹד׃
46:29 Joseph orderedgLit. “hitched.” his chariot and went to Goshen to meet his father Israel; he presented himself to him and, embracing him around the neck, he wept on his neck a good while.
46:29 And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel his father, to Goshen; and he presented himself unto him, and fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good while.
מ"ו:כ"ט וְטַקִּיס יוֹסֵף רְתִכּוֹהִי וּסְלֵיק לְקַדָּמוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבוּהִי לְגשֶׁן וְאִתְגְּלִי לֵיהּ וּנְפַל עַל צַוְּרֵיהּ וּבְכָא עַל צַוְּרֵיהּ עוֹד:
מ"ו:ל׳ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף אָמ֣וּתָה הַפָּ֑עַם אַחֲרֵי֙ רְאוֹתִ֣י אֶת־פָּנֶ֔יךָ כִּ֥י עוֹדְךָ֖ חָֽי׃
46:30 Then Israel said to Joseph, “Now I can die, having seen for myself that you are still alive.”
46:30 And Israel said unto Joseph: ‘Now let me die, since I have seen thy face, that thou art yet alive.’
מ"ו:ל׳ וַאֲמַר יִשְׂרָאֵל לְיוֹסֵף אִלּוּ אֲנָא מָיִת זִמְנָא הָדָא מְנַחֵם אֲנָא בָּתַר דַּחֲזֵיתִי יָת אַפָּיךְ אֲרֵי עַד כְּעַן אַתְּ קַיָּם:
מ"ו:ל׳ אור החיים
1וַיֹּאמֶר וְגוֹ׳ אָמוּתָה הַפָּעַם וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם אָמְרוֹ הַפָּעַם פֵּרוּשׁ: לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁאָמַר (בראשית לז:לה) ״כִּי אֵרֵד אֶל בְּנִי אָבֵל שְׁאוֹלָה״, עַתָּה אָמַר לֹא אֶרְאֶה הַשַּׁחַת.
ויאמר …אמותה הפעם, He said:.."now I can die, etc." The reason Jacob said "now" is that he had expressed fears of dying on a previous occasion when he heard about Joseph's disappearance.
2עוֹד נִרְאֶה לִלְמֹד בְּדִקְדּוּק אָמְרוֹ כִּי עוֹדְךָ חָי, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לוֹמַר ״אַחֲרֵי רְאוֹתִי פָּנֶיךָ״, וְהַדָּבָר מוּבָן כִּי חַי הוּא. גַּם צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה לֹא אָמַר יַעֲקֹב כֵּן כְּשֶׁבִּשְּׂרוּהוּ הָאַחִים כִּי יוֹסֵף חַי, וּמָצִינוּ שֶׁהֶאֱמִין כְּשֶׁרָאָה הָעֲגָלוֹת (בראשית מה:כו) ״וַתְּחִי רוּחַ״ וְגוֹ׳, וּמַה דָּבָר חָדָשׁ רָאָה?
Another part of this verse which needs analysis is why Jacob added the words כי עודך חי, "that you are still alive." If Joseph had not been alive how could Jacob have expressed his joy at seeing him? Besides, why did Jacob not make this statement when the brothers had told him that Joseph was still alive in 45,26?
3אָכֵן כַּוָּנַת דִּבְרֵי יַעֲקֹב הֵם כִּי הֲגַם שֶׁנִּתְבַּשֵּׂר כִּי עוֹדֶנּוּ חַי, זֶה הוֹעִיל לָדַעַת שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בַּמְּצִיאוּת, אֲבָל עֲדַיִן לִבּוֹ דַּוָּי עָלָיו לְצַד הֱיוֹתוֹ בֵּין הָאֻמּוֹת, שָׁפָל עֶבֶד מוֹשְׁלִים, אִם עוֹדֶנּוּ בְּצִדְקוּתוֹ וְלֹא כָהֲתָה עֵינוֹ וְלֹא נָס לֵיחוֹ, אוֹ לְצַד הֱיוֹתוֹ מֻבְדָּל מִמֶּנּוּ וְנָתוּן תּוֹךְ הַקְּלִפּוֹת וּבִפְרָט טֻמְאַת מִצְרַיִם, וּמַה גַּם לְצַד מַה שֶׁעֲבָרוֹ מֵרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁאָמַר (בראשית ל״ז) ״טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ״ (בראשית רבה פ׳ פ״ד). וְדָבָר יָדוּעַ הוּא כִּי הַצַּדִּיקִים יוֹתֵר יַחְפְּצוּ בְּהֶעְדֵּר הַבֵּן בִּהְיוֹתוֹ בֵּן מֵבִישׁ, וּמַה גַּם יַעֲקֹב הַצַּדִּיק. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן לֹא הָיְתָה שִׂמְחָתוֹ שְׁלֵמָה מִסָּפֵק זֶה עַד וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו וְהִכִּיר בּוֹ בְּפָנָיו כִּי הַכָּרַת הַפָּנִים תַּעֲנֶה בָּאִישׁ, וּכְמוֹ כֵן מָצִינוּ לְצַדִּיקִים שְׁלֵמִים וְכֵן רַבִּים שֶׁהִכִּירוּ בְּרֹשֶׁם הַפָּנִים מַעֲשֵׂה אָדָם וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ שֶׁיַּכִּיר. לָזֶה כְּשֶׁהִכִּיר בּוֹ אָמַר אֵלָיו ״אָמוּתָה הַפָּעַם״, פֵּרוּשׁ הַפַּעַם הַזֹּאת בִּרְאִיָּתְךָ וְלֹא מִקֹּדֶם כְּשֶׁנִּתְבַּשַּׂרְתִּי, וְהַטַּעַם אַחֲרֵי רְאוֹתִי פָּנֶיךָ וְהִכַּרְתִּי בָּהֶם שֶׁעוֹדְךָ חַי, פֵּרוּשׁ צַדִּיק כְּמִקֹּדֶם וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּנָּה דְּיוֹקְנְךָ מִכְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיָה אֶלָּא עוֹדְךָ חַי, כִּי הַצַּדִּיקִים קְרוּיִים חַיִּים (ברכות י״ח.), וְנָכוֹן.
Actually Jacob had now reassured himself about something that the brothers could not have told him at the time. He had been satisfied that Joseph was alive, well and powerful; he had not yet been certain that in view of all the experiences Joseph had undergone both as a slave and subsequently as a powerful ruler, that he had been able to preserve his righteousness. Jacob himself had experienced a loss of the presence of Holy Spirit at the time he had mistakenly exclaimed that Joseph had been devoured by a wild beast. He naturally was afraid that Joseph too had been cut off from such Holy Spirit seeing he had lived in close contact with people who represented the קליפה, the personification of impurity. It is a well known fact that the righteous prefer the disappearance of a son to such a son embarassing them by abandoning his spiritual heritage. It was only when he set eyes on Joseph that he realised that Joseph had not changed. We have numerous examples in the Bible of righteous people being able to tell by merely looking at the faces of people that such people were upright and righteous. This is why Jacob was able to say אחרי ראותי את פניך, "after having seen your face." Jacob was now able to accept death without regret whenever it would occur. Berachot 18 mentions that the righteous are called חיים, alive, during their lifetime. Jacob expressed this thought when he called Joseph as "still alive" after having set eyes on him.
מ"ו:ל"א וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו אֶעֱלֶ֖ה וְאַגִּ֣ידָה לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאֹֽמְרָ֣ה אֵלָ֔יו אַחַ֧י וּבֵית־אָבִ֛י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֖עַן בָּ֥אוּ אֵלָֽי׃
46:31 Then Joseph said to his brothers and to his father’s household, “I will go up and tell the news to Pharaoh, and say to him, ‘My brothers and my father’s household, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me.
46:31 And Joseph said unto his brethren, and unto his father’s house: ‘I will go up, and tell Pharaoh, and will say unto him: My brethren, and my father’s house, who were in the land of Canaan, are come unto me;
מ"ו:ל"א וַאֲמַר יוֹסֵף לַאֲחוֹהִי וּלְבֵית אֲבוּהִי אֶסַּק וְאֵחַוֵּי לְפַרְעֹה וְאֵימַר לֵיהּ אַחַי וּבֵית אַבָּא דִּי בְאַרְעָא דִכְנַעַן עַלּוּ לְוָתִי:
מ"ו:ל"ב וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֙ רֹ֣עֵי צֹ֔אן כִּֽי־אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִקְנֶ֖ה הָי֑וּ וְצֹאנָ֧ם וּבְקָרָ֛ם וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הֵבִֽיאוּ׃
46:32 The men are shepherds; they have always been breeders of livestock, and they have brought with them their flocks and herds and all that is theirs.’
46:32 and the men are shepherds, for they have been keepers of cattle; and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have.
מ"ו:ל"ב וְגֻבְרַיָּא רָעֵי עָנָא אֲרֵי גֻבְרֵי מָרֵי גֵיתֵי הֲווֹ וְעָנְהוֹן וְתוֹרְהוֹן וְכָל דִּי לְהוֹן אַיְתִיאוּ:
מ"ו:ל"ג וְהָיָ֕ה כִּֽי־יִקְרָ֥א לָכֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַ֖ר מַה־מַּעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם׃
46:33 So when Pharaoh summons you and asks, ‘What is your occupation?’
46:33 And it shall come to pass, when Pharaoh shall call you, and shall say: What is your occupation?
מ"ו:ל"ג וִיהֵי אֲרֵי יִקְרֵי לְכוֹן פַּרְעֹה וְיֵימַר מָה עוֹבָדֵיכוֹן:
מ"ו:ל"ד וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִקְנֶ֜ה הָי֤וּ עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ מִנְּעוּרֵ֣ינוּ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה גַּם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ גַּם־אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ בַּעֲב֗וּר תֵּשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן כִּֽי־תוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם כָּל־רֹ֥עֵה צֹֽאן׃
46:34 you shall answer, ‘Your servants have been breeders of livestock from the start until now, both we and our fathers’—so that you may stay in the region of Goshen. For all shepherds are abhorrent to Egyptians.”
46:34 that ye shall say: Thy servants have been keepers of cattle from our youth even until now, both we, and our fathers; that ye may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians.’
מ"ו:ל"ד וְתֵימְרוּן גֻּבְרֵי מָרֵי גֵיתֵי הֲווֹ עַבְדָּיךְ מֵעוּלֵמָנָא וְעַד כְּעַן אַף אֲנַחְנָא אַף אֲבְהָתָנָא בְּדִיל דִּי תֵיתְבוּן בְּאַרְעָא דְגשֶׁן אֲרֵי מְרַחֲקִין מִצְרָאֵי כָּל רָעֵי עָנָא:
מ"ז:א׳ וַיָּבֹ֣א יוֹסֵף֮ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְפַרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אָבִ֨י וְאַחַ֜י וְצֹאנָ֤ם וּבְקָרָם֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֔ם בָּ֖אוּ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְהִנָּ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ גֹּֽשֶׁן׃
47:1 Then Joseph came and reported to Pharaoh, saying, “My father and my brothers, with their flocks and herds and all that is theirs, have come from the land of Canaan and are now in the region of Goshen.”
47:1 Then Joseph went in and told Pharaoh, and said: ‘My father and my brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land of Goshen.’
מ"ז:א׳ וַאֲתָא יוֹסֵף וְחַוִּי לְפַרְעֹה וַאֲמַר אַבָּא וְאַחַי וְעָנְהוֹן וְתוֹרְהוֹן וְכָל דִּי לְהוֹן אֲתוֹ מֵאַרְעָא דִכְנָעַן וְהָא אִנּוּן בְּאַרְעָא דְגשֶׁן:
מ"ז:א׳ אור החיים
1אָבִי וְאַחַי וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ, כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָ עֲלֵיהֶם עֲשׂוֹת. וְהִנָּם בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ (בראשית מה:יח) ״וְאֶתְּנָה לָכֶם אֶת טוּב אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם״, וְאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן בְּעֵרֶךְ מִרְעֵה הַמִּקְנֶה הִיא טוּב אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם. אֲבָל הָאַחִים בְּדַבְּרָם לִפְנֵי פַּרְעֹה לֹא בָּאוּ בְּטַעֲנָה כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתָּ אֶלָּא כְּמִתְחַנֵּן עַל דָּבָר טוֹב, וְאָמְרוּ (בראשית מז:ד) ״לָגוּר וְגוֹ׳ כִּי אֵין מִרְעֶה״ וְגוֹ׳ וְעַיֵּין בְּסָמוּךְ:
אבי ואחי..…באו, "my father, my brothers, etc., have arrived. Joseph meant: "in accordance with your instructions." והנם בארץ גשו, "and here they are in the province of Goshen." "Just as you have said when you said: "I will give you the best part of the country (45,18)." As far as cattle is concerned the province of Goshen was the best part of Egypt. We find, however, that when the brothers enjoyed an audience with Pharaoh that they did not refer to what Joseph had told them about Pharaoh's promise; rather they pleaded that inasmuch as they had a lot of cattle they would appreciate it if they were allowed to settle in Goshen as it provided grazing land for their cattle.
מ"ז:ב׳ וּמִקְצֵ֣ה אֶחָ֔יו לָקַ֖ח חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּצִּגֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃
47:2 And selecting a fewaLit. “five.” of his brothers, he presented them to Pharaoh.
47:2 And from among his brethren he took five men, and presented them unto Pharaoh.
מ"ז:ב׳ וּמִקְצַת מִן אֲחוֹהִי דְּבַר חַמְשָׁא גֻבְרִין וַאֲקֵימִנּוּן קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה:
מ"ז:ג׳ וַיֹּ֧אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֛ה אֶל־אֶחָ֖יו מַה־מַּעֲשֵׂיכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֗ה רֹעֵ֥ה צֹאן֙ עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ גַּם־אֲנַ֖חְנוּ גַּם־אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃
47:3 Pharaoh said to his brothers, “What is your occupation?” They answered Pharaoh, “We your servants are shepherds, as were also our fathers.
47:3 And Pharaoh said unto his brethren: ‘What is your occupation?’ And they said unto Pharaoh: ‘Thy servants are shepherds, both we, and our fathers.’
מ"ז:ג׳ וַאֲמַר פַּרְעֹה לַאֲחוֹהִי מָה עוֹבָדֵיכוֹן וַאֲמָרוּ לְפַרְעֹה רָעֵי עָנָא עַבְדָּיךְ אַף אֲנַחְנָא אַף אֲבְהָתָנָא:
מ"ז:ד׳ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֗ה לָג֣וּר בָּאָרֶץ֮ בָּאנוּ֒ כִּי־אֵ֣ין מִרְעֶ֗ה לַצֹּאן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד הָרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְעַתָּ֛ה יֵֽשְׁבוּ־נָ֥א עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ גֹּֽשֶׁן׃
47:4 We have come,” they told Pharaoh, “to sojourn in this land, for there is no pasture for your servants’ flocks, the famine being severe in the land of Canaan. Pray, then, let your servants stay in the region of Goshen.”
47:4 And they said unto Pharaoh: ‘To sojourn in the land are we come; for there is no pasture for thy servants’flocks; for the famine is sore in the land of Canaan. Now therefore, we pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen.’
מ"ז:ד׳ וַאֲמָרוּ לְוַת פַּרְעֹה לְאִתּוֹתָבָא בְאַרְעָא אֲתֵינָא אֲרֵי לֵית רַעֲיָא לְעָנָא דִּי לְעַבְדָּיךְ אֲרֵי תַקִּיף כַּפְנָא בְּאַרְעָא דִכְנָעַן וּכְעַן יֵתְבוּן כְּעַן עַבְדָּיךְ בְּאַרְעָא דְגשֶׁן:
מ"ז:ה׳ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶל־יוֹסֵ֖ף לֵאמֹ֑ר אָבִ֥יךָ וְאַחֶ֖יךָ בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
47:5 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “As regards your father and your brothers who have come to you,
47:5 And Pharaoh spoke unto Joseph, saying: ‘Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee;
מ"ז:ה׳ וַאֲמַר פַּרְעֹה לְיוֹסֵף לְמֵימָר אֲבוּךְ וְאַחָיךְ אֲתוֹ לְוָתָךְ:
מ"ז:ה׳ אור החיים
1וַיֹּאמֶר פַּרְעֹה וְגוֹ׳ לֵאמֹר וְגוֹ׳. צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת כַּוָּנַת אָמְרוֹ לֵאמֹר, גַּם קָשֶׁה אָמְרוֹ אָבִיךָ וְגוֹ׳ בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ, הֲרֵי זֶה בָּא לְלַמֵּד וְנִמְצָא לָמֵד בַּדָּבָר עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלִּמֵּד.
ויאמר פרעה אל יוסף לאמור, Pharaoh said to tell Joseph, etc. What is meant here by the word לאמור? Besides, what did Pharaoh mean when he said: "your father has arrived?" This was not news!
2אָכֵן תִּמְצָא כִּי פַּרְעֹה בְּדַבְּרוֹ אֶל יוֹסֵף עִנְיַן אֶחָיו שֶׁיִּקְחוּ אֶת אֲבִיהֶם וְיָבוֹאוּ, אָמַר (בראשית מ״ה:י״ז): ״אֱמוֹר אֶל אַחֶיךָ זֹאת עֲשׂוּ וְגוֹ׳ וּקְחוּ אֶת אֲבִיכֶם וְגוֹ׳ וּבֹאוּ אֵלָי״. וְדָבָר זֶה יֵשׁ בּוֹ שְׁתֵּי מַשְׁמָעֻיּוֹת: הָאַחַת כִּי יְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם מִשֵּׁם פַּרְעֹה כִּי הוּא הַמְצַוֶּה דָּבָר, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה כִּי יוֹסֵף יֹאמַר לָהֶם כֵּן מִפִּי עַצְמוֹ. וּפֵרוּשׁ זֶה הוּא יוֹתֵר צוֹדֵק מִמַּה שֶׁמָּצִינוּ שֶׁאָמַר אַחַר כָּךְ (בראשית מ״ה:י״ט): ״וְאַתָּה צֻוֵּיתָה״ וְגוֹ׳. וְאִם הַכֹּל הוּא דִּבְרֵי פַּרְעֹה, לֹא יִצְטָרֵךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁנָּטַל רִשְׁיוֹן מִפַּרְעֹה, הֲלֹא הַכֹּל הוּא דִּבְרֵי פַּרְעֹה. וְהִנֵּה תִּמְצָא כְּשֶׁדִּבֵּר יוֹסֵף אֶל אֶחָיו קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּדַבֵּר לְפַרְעֹה אָמַר לָהֶם (בראשית מ״ו:ל״א): ״אֶעֱלֶה וְאַגִּידָה לְפַרְעֹה וְגוֹ׳ אַחַי וְגוֹ׳ בָּאוּ אֵלַי״, הֲרֵי גִּלָּה דַּעְתּוֹ כִּי הוּא הַמְּצַוֶּה אוֹתָם לָבֹא אֶצְלוֹ וְהִנֵּה בָּאוּ אֵלָיו הָאֲנָשִׁים, וְזֶה הִצְדִּיק פֵּרוּשׁ שֵׁנִי. וְכַאֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר אֶל פַּרְעֹה לֹא דִקְדֵּק לוֹמַר ״בָּאוּ אֵלַי״ אֶלָּא סְתָם ״אַחַי וְגוֹ׳ בָּאוּ מֵאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן״ וְגוֹ׳. זֶה יַגִּיד כִּי בִּיאָתָם הִיא לְפַרְעֹה, וְלָזֶה מוֹדִיעוֹ לוֹמַר קִיְּמוּ דְּבָרֶיךָ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי בַּפָּסוּק הַסָּמוּךְ לָזֶה. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן הֵשִׁיב פַּרְעֹה לְיוֹסֵף לֵאמֹר: אָבִיךָ וְאַחֶיךָ בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ, פֵּרוּשׁ, שֶׁתֹּאמַר שֶׁבִּיאַת אַחֶיךָ בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ, כִּי אֵין כַּוָּנָתִי בְּאָמְרִי ״אֱמוֹר אֶל אַחֶיךָ זֹאת עֲשׂוּ״ בִּשְׁלִיחוּתִי תְּדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם כִּי אֲנִי הַמְּצַוֶּה, אֶלָּא הִרְשֵׁיתִי אוֹתְךָ שֶׁתְּדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם מִשִּׁמְךָ שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ אֵלֶיךָ, וּכְבָר הִרְשֵׁיתִי אוֹתְךָ שֶׁתִּתֵּן לָהֶם טוּב אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, וְאִם כֵּן ״אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְפָנֶיךָ הִיא בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ״ וְגוֹ׳.
We must refer back to where Pharaoh had instructed Joseph in 45,17 - 18 to command his brothers to take their father and "come to me." These instructions could have either one of two meanings. 1) Joseph should speak to the brothers conveying instructions from Pharaoh. 2) Joseph should speak to them as if he were acting on his own authority. This latter interpretation is more likely to be the correct one. We base this on 45,19 where Joseph is told "you have been commanded, etc." If the instructions for the migration of Joseph's family had all originated with Pharaoh why would Joseph have to refer to permission he obtained from Pharaoh? One obtains permission after making a request for it. You will note that Joseph had spoken to the brothers about their migration in 46,31 when he was about to speak to Pharaoh about their arrival. The fact that he described the brothers as having "come to me" as opposed to having come to Pharaoh, seems evidence that they did not come in response to Pharaoh's invitation. In our verse, however, he did not describe the brothers as having "come to me," but simply as "having arrived." This implied that their arrival was at the behest of Pharaoh. He now wanted Pharaoh to make good on his promise. In response Pharaoh said in verse 6: "your father and your brothers have come to you." Pharaoh meant to correct any impression Joseph might have had that what he had said in 45,17 -18 should have been construed as an invitation from himself for the brothers to settle there. All Pharaoh had meant was that Joseph had his permission to extend an invitaion to them in Pharaoh's name to settle in the best part of Egypt.
3וְהַהֶפְרֵשׁ שֶׁבֵּין אִם יִהְיֶה הַדָּבָר בְּמִצְוַת פַּרְעֹה אוֹ עַל פִּי יוֹסֵף, יֵשׁ בָּזֶה לוֹמַר צַד גְּנַאי וְצַד שֶׁבַח. צַד גְּנַאי שֶׁשָּׁלַל הַחִיּוּב מִמֶּנּוּ אֲלֵיהֶם, וְעוֹד כִּי מִנִּימוּסֵי הַמַּלְכוּת כְּשֶׁיִּתֵּן מֶלֶךְ גְּדֻלָּה אוֹ הֲנָאָה לְאָדָם אֶחָד הִיא לוֹ מַתְּנַת עוֹלָמִית, וְלָזֶה אִם יִהְיוּ הַדְּבָרִים הַנֶּאֱמָרִים מִפִּי פַּרְעֹה הִנֵּה הִנָּם בָּאִים לְמַאֲמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְחִיּוּב עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ לִסְבֹּל עֻלָּם וּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ יֻתַּן לָהֶם נִצְחִי בְּמַלְכוּתוֹ. וְלָזֶה הִקְפִּיד פַּרְעֹה שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה הַדָּבָר מִמֶּנּוּ אֶלָּא מִיּוֹסֵף, וְהַחִיּוּב אֵלָיו הוּא וְלֹא עַל פַּרְעֹה, וּבָזֶה אֵין מַתְּנָתוֹ עוֹלָמִית כִּי אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא שַׁלִּיט בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וְאֵין לוֹ שֵׁם מַלְכוּת, וּמַתְּנָתוֹ תְּהֵא קַיֶּמֶת כָּל זְמַן שֶׁיַּחְפֹּץ הַמֶּלֶךְ בָּהּ. וּבָזֶה נִתְכַּוֵּן שֶׁלֹּא יַחְשֹׁב יוֹסֵף כִּי הוּא צָרִיךְ לָהֶם, וּלְצֹרֶךְ הַמַּלְכוּת שָׁלַח אַחֲרֵיהֶם לֶהֱיוֹתָם גִּבּוֹרֵי חַיִל לִהְיוֹת חֵיל וְחוֹמָה לְמַלְכוּתוֹ. לָזֶה אָמַר אֵלָיו כִּי הוּא אֵין לוֹ צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶם.
There are subtle differences between a migration as the result of Pharaoh's direct invitation and one which resulted from an invitation by Joseph which had Pharaoh's approval. On the one hand, it appears that Pharaoh was now anxious to relieve himself of any responsibility towards Joseph's brothers and clan. When a king grants a certain person an elevated status, this is normally considered a permanent gift. Had the brothers' migration been at the direct invitation of Pharaoh their status in the land of Goshen would have been permanent and irrevocable. Pharaoh was concerned lest his invitation would be perceived as that kind of gift. He preferred to have the brothers believe that the land of Goshen was allocated to them by the authority of Joseph. It was valid as long as Joseph was ruler in the land. Just as Joseph's position was not a hereditary one, so the brothers' tenure in Goshen would not be a hereditary one. Both Joseph's position and the brothers' stay in Goshen continued to depend on Pharaoh's pleasure. Pharaoh wanted to make sure that Joseph or the brothers should not think that he, Pharaoh, needed them in order to strengthen his hold on the throne of Egypt.
4וְצַד הַשֶּׁבַח הוּא, כִּי לָמָּה יִצְטָרֵךְ לְהוֹדִיעוֹ הַדָּבָר כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אֵין כֹּחַ בְּיָדוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת דָּבָר עַד שֶׁיִּקַּח רְשׁוּת מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ, הֲלֹא כְּבָר נִתָּן לוֹ רְשׁוּת בַּכֹּל וְעָשֹׂה יַעֲשֶׂה. וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ – רָאוּי אַתָּה שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ בִּשְׁבִילְךָ, וּבְכֹחַ מַאֲמָרְךָ ״אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְפָנֶיךָ הִיא, בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ״ וְגוֹ׳ מִבְּלִי צֹרֶךְ קַחַת רְשׁוּת מִמֶּנִּי. וּלְדֶרֶךְ זֶה תִּתְפָּרֵשׁ עוֹד ״לֵאמֹר״ שֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ רְשׁוּת לוֹמַר הַדְּבָרִים הַנֶּאֱמָרִים אֵלָיו, וְהוּא עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם בְּפֶרֶק א׳ מִמַּסֶּכֶת יוֹמָא (ד:) וְזֶה לְשׁוֹנוֹ: אָמַר רַבִּי מְנַשְׁיָא מִנַּיִן לָאוֹמֵר דָּבָר לַחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁהוּא בְּבַל תֹּאמַר עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ אֱמוֹר, דִּכְתִיב ״וַיְדַבֵּר ה׳ וְגוֹ׳ לֵאמֹר״, עַד כָּאן. וְלָזֶה הֻצְרַךְ פַּרְעֹה לְהַרְשׁוֹתוֹ כִּי כָל יְקָר וּגְדֻלָּה נֶאֱמַר לוֹ מִפִּי פַּרְעֹה, וַהֲגַם שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ קְצָת פְּחִיתוּת עֵרֶךְ פַּרְעֹה בְּאֶמְצָעוּת הַדְּבָרִים, אֵין בְּכָךְ כְּלוּם.
There is, however, also a positive aspect of what Pharaoh had said now. Why would Joseph have to appeal to Pharaoh now as if he himself did not wield any authority in the country? Had not Pharaoh given Joseph blanket authority at the time he had appointed him as the absolute ruler over his kingdom? When Pharaoh now said to Joseph that his brothers had come to him, he merely reiterated that Joseph did not need to ask any kind of permission. Joseph's authority included the area concerning which he had now asked Pharaoh's permission. We find something analogous in Yuma 4 where Rabbi Mussiah son of Rabbi Menassiah teaches that there is scriptural proof for the assumption that when one reveals information received by a second person even when one had not been sworn to secrecy, this is forbidden unless specific permission has been granted. When G'd spoke to Moses in Leviticus 1,1, He added that Moses should communicate His words by adding the word לאמור. Accordingly, Pharaoh had to tell Joseph to extend the invitation in his name. Although this diminishes the value of Pharaoh's invitation slightly, it is not materially different from what Pharaoh had said in chapter 45.
5עוֹד יִרְמֹז בְּתֵיבַת אֵלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר לוֹ כִּי טַעַם הַדָּבָר שֶׁצִּוָּה לָהֶם שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לְמָה שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ לִכְבוֹדוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף, כְּדֵי שֶׁתּוּכַּר מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ בְּמִצְרַיִם שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה נֶחְשָׁב לִשְׁפַל אֲנָשִׁים. וַהֲגַם שֶׁהוּכְּרוּ אֶחָיו בַּיּוֹם שֶׁהִתְוַדַּע אֲלֵיהֶם, עוֹדֶנּוּ בַּחֲשָׁד שֶׁרָאָה כַּת שֶׁל בַּחוּרִים וְכִנָּה עַצְמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם, כָּאָמוּר בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה ק,ט) בְּפָסוּק (בראשית נ:כא) ״וַיְנַחֵם אוֹתָם וַיְדַבֵּר עַל לִבָּם״. וּבְבִיאַת אָבִיו וְאֶחָיו יֵאָמֵן הַדָּבָר, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ בָּאוּ אֵלֶיךָ – לְצָרְכְּךָ וְלִכְבוֹדְךָ הִיא בִּיאָתָם:
We may also see some additional significance in the word אליך in verse five. The reason Pharaoh did command the brothers to migrate to Egypt was only in order to demonstrate that Joseph had never been a slave and had been born into a very respectable family. While it was true that on the face of it this had been demonstrated at the time when Joseph revealed himself to his brothers, he had not yet freed himself completely from the suspicion that the "brothers" were a group of bachelors with whom Joseph had made a deal that they should claim to be his family. We find that Bereshit Rabbah 100,9 refers to such a possibility in connection with Genesis 50,21 where Joseph is described as: "he consoled them and put their minds at ease." The Midrash describes that Joseph put his brothers' minds at ease by telling them that if he were to take any punitive action against them now the Egyptians would question his claim that they were his family and would argue that at the time that he, Joseph, identified them as his brothers this had been a charade, and that they had only been a group of young men whom he had paid to misrepresent themselves. When Pharaoh said to Joseph "your brothers have come to you," he meant that the brothers' presence in Egypt would buttress Joseph's claim concerning his ancestry.
מ"ז:ו׳ אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ הִ֔וא בְּמֵיטַ֣ב הָאָ֔רֶץ הוֹשֵׁ֥ב אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אַחֶ֑יךָ יֵשְׁבוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן וְאִם־יָדַ֗עְתָּ וְיֶשׁ־בָּם֙ אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֔יִל וְשַׂמְתָּ֛ם שָׂרֵ֥י מִקְנֶ֖ה עַל־אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי׃
47:6 the land of Egypt is open before you: settle your father and your brothers in the best part of the land; let them stay in the region of Goshen. And if you know any capable men among them, put them in charge of my livestock.”
47:6 the land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and thy brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell. And if thou knowest any able men among them, then make them rulers over my cattle.’
מ"ז:ו׳ אַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם קֳדָמָךְ הִיא בִּדְשַׁפִּיר בְּאַרְעָא אוֹתֵיב יָת אֲבוּךְ וְיָת אַחָיךְ יֵתְבוּן בְּאַרְעָא דְגשֶׁן וְאִם יָדַעְתְּ וְאִית בְּהוֹן גֻּבְרִין דְּחֵילָא וּתְמַנִּנּוּן רַבָּנֵי גֵיתֵי עַל דִּי לִי:
מ"ז:ו׳ אור החיים
1בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳ יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן. הִנֵּה חָשׁ לוֹמַר ״בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ״ לְבַד, לְצַד שֶׁיּוֹסֵף רָמַז בִּדְבָרָיו כִּי חָפֵץ בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן, יַחְשֹׁב כִּי אֵינוֹ חָפֵץ שֶׁיֵּשְׁבוּ בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן מִמַּה שֶׁלֹּא הִסְכִּים עַל דְּבָרָיו. וְאִם הָיָה אוֹמֵר ״יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן״ יִהְיֶה נִשְׁמָע שֶׁהוּא כְּמִסְתַּפֵּק לָהֶם בִּנְתִינַת אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן לְבַד וְלֹא בְּטוֹב מִמֶּנָּה אִם יִכְשַׁר בְּעֵינֵי יוֹסֵף, וְזֶה סוֹתֵר מַה שֶׁקָּדַם בִּדְבָרָיו (בראשית מה:יח) ״וְאֶתְּנָה לָכֶם אֶת טוּב אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם״. לָזֶה אָמַר ״בְּמֵיטַב וְגוֹ׳ בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן״. וְזֶה שִׁעוּר דְּבָרָיו: בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ הוֹשֵׁב וְגוֹ׳ וַאֲנִי מוֹדִיעֲךָ כִּי אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן הִיא הַמֵּיטָב. וּמָצִינוּ שֶׁכֵּן הֵעִיד הַכָּתוּב דִּכְתִיב (בראשית מז:יא) ״וַיּוֹשֵׁב יוֹסֵף וְגוֹ׳ בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ בְּאֶרֶץ רַעְמְסֵס״ וְגוֹ׳:
במיטב הארץ…ישבו בארץ גשן, "they shall dwell in the land of Goshen in the best part of the country." Pharaoh was careful not to say only: "in the best part of the land," seeing that Joseph had indicated that he preferred that the brothers should live in the province of Goshen. If Pharaoh were not to confirm this specifically, Joseph might think that he did not want them to reside in Goshen. If, on the other hand, he were to say only that the brothers should reside in Goshen without adding the words "in the best part of the land," Joseph might feel that Pharaoh only assigned the inferior part of the province of Goshen to them. To avoid any misunderstanding, Pharaoh spelled out that the brothers should reside in the best part of the land of Goshen. Verse eleven then confirms that this is indeed what happened, that the land around Ramses was considered the best part of Goshen.
2אוֹ יִהְיֶה שִׁעוּר הַכָּתוּב עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ: בְּמֵיטַב וְגוֹ׳, וְאִם בָּחֲרוּ לָהֶם אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן – יֵשְׁבוּ בָהּ. וּבָזֶה אֵין הֶחְלֵט לוֹמַר כִּי הוּא זֶה מְקוֹמָם, אֶלָּא עוֹדָם בְּשַׁעַר הָרָצוֹן, אִם יִיטַב בְּעֵינֵיהֶם מָקוֹם אַחֵר – הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדָם לָשֶׁבֶת בְּמֵיטַב הָאָרֶץ.
It is also possible to understand the whole verse as a choice offered by Pharaoh. The brothers were welcome to reside in the best part of the land of Egypt; if, however, for whatever reason they preferred to settle in the province of Goshen, this too was acceptable to Pharaoh.
מ"ז:ז׳ וַיָּבֵ֤א יוֹסֵף֙ אֶת־יַֽעֲקֹ֣ב אָבִ֔יו וַיַּֽעֲמִדֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־פַּרְעֹֽה׃
47:7 Joseph then brought his father Jacob and presented him to Pharaoh; and Jacob greeted Pharaoh.
47:7 And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh. And Jacob blessed Pharaoh.
מ"ז:ז׳ וְאַיְתִי יוֹסֵף יָת יַעֲקֹב אֲבוּהִי וַאֲקִימִנֵּיהּ קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה וּבָרִיךְ יַעֲקֹב יָת פַּרְעֹה:
מ"ז:ז׳ אור החיים
1וַיַּעֲמִידֵהוּ לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה. טַעַם אָמְרוֹ וַיַּעֲמִידֵהוּ וְגוֹ׳, אוּלַי שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף שֶׁשָּׂם לוֹ פַּרְעֹה מְקוֹמוֹ לִפְנֵי כִּסְאוֹ, כְּשֶׁאָמַר לוֹ (בראשית מא:מ) ״רַק הַכִּסֵּא אֶגְדַּל מִמֶּךָּ״, וְהוֹדִיעַ הַכָּתוּב כִּי יוֹסֵף הֶעֱמִיד אָבִיו לִפְנֵי פַּרְעֹה בַּמָּקוֹם הַמְעֻלֶּה קָרוֹב לַמֶּלֶךְ.
ויעמידהו לפני פרעה, and he presented him before Pharaoh. The reason the Torah chose the word "ויעמידהו" may be that Joseph placed Jacob in the place where he himself would normally stand when he had an audience with Pharaoh. This may have been an elevated spot only lower than Pharaoh's throne [compare 41,40 where Pharaoh reserved only his throne as beyond Joseph's authority].
2עוֹד יִרְצֶה שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוֹ לְמוּל פָּנָיו כְּדֶרֶךְ הַמְבָרְכִין, וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב וְגוֹ׳.
It may also mean that he placed Jacob immediately opposite Pharaoh so that his father could bless Pharaoh.
3עוֹד יִרְצֶה לְהוֹדִיעַ כִּי הֻצְרַךְ לְהַעֲמִידוֹ לְפָנָיו, לְצַד הֱיוֹת פַּרְעֹה שְׁפַל אֲנָשִׁים צְעִיר קוֹמָה (מועד קטן יח.), הֻצְרַךְ לְהַכִּירֶנּוּ לוֹ וְהֶעֱמִידוֹ לְפָנָיו לוֹמַר כִּי הוּא זֶה.
We have a tradition that Pharaoh was of extremely small stature so that unless Jacob was directly opposite him he could not have known that the person he faced was Pharaoh (compare Moed Katan 18).
מ"ז:ח׳ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֑ב כַּמָּ֕ה יְמֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃
47:8 Pharaoh asked Jacob, “How many are the years of your life?”
47:8 And Pharaoh said unto Jacob: ‘How many are the days of the years of thy life?’
מ"ז:ח׳ וַאֲמַר פַּרְעֹה לְיַעֲקֹב כַּמָּה יוֹמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיָּךְ:
מ"ז:ט׳ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י מְגוּרַ֔י שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה מְעַ֣ט וְרָעִ֗ים הָיוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י וְלֹ֣א הִשִּׂ֗יגוּ אֶת־יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י אֲבֹתַ֔י בִּימֵ֖י מְגוּרֵיהֶֽם׃
47:9 And Jacob answered Pharaoh, “The years of my sojourn [on earth] are one hundred and thirty. Few and hard have been the years of my life, nor do they come up to the life spans of my fathers during their sojourns.”
47:9 And Jacob said unto Pharaoh: ‘The days of the years of my sojournings are a hundred and thirty years; few and evil have been the days of the years of my life, and they have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their sojournings.’
מ"ז:ט׳ וַאֲמַר יַעֲקֹב לְפַרְעֹה יוֹמֵי שְׁנֵי תוֹתָבוּתַי מְאָה וּתְלָתִין שְׁנִין זְעֵירִין וּבִישִׁין הֲווֹ יוֹמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיַּי וְלָא אַדְבִּיקוּ יָת יוֹמֵי שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי אֲבָהָתַי בְּיוֹמֵי תּוֹתָבוּתְהוֹן:
מ"ז:י׳ וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃
47:10 Then Jacob bade Pharaoh farewell, and left Pharaoh’s presence.
47:10 And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from the presence of Pharaoh.
מ"ז:י׳ וּבָרִיךְ יַעֲקֹב יָת פַּרְעֹה וּנְפַק מִן קֳדָם פַּרְעֹה:

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