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פרשה: שופטים · עלייה: שישי (יסוד)

דברים: כ׳:י׳ - כ"א:ט׳
כ׳:י׳ כִּֽי־תִקְרַ֣ב אֶל־עִ֔יר לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יהָ וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֵלֶ֖יהָ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
20:10 When you approach a town to attack it, you shall bOr “call on it to surrender.”offer it terms of peace.-b
20:10 When thou drawest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it.
כ׳:י׳ אֲרֵי תִקְרַב לְקַרְתָּא לַאֲגָחָא (קְרָבָא) עֲלַהּ וְתִקְרֵי לַהּ מִלִּין דִּשְׁלָם:
כ׳:י"א וְהָיָה֙ אִם־שָׁל֣וֹם תַּֽעַנְךָ֔ וּפָתְחָ֖ה לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצָא־בָ֗הּ יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֛ לָמַ֖ס וַעֲבָדֽוּךָ׃
20:11 If it responds peaceably and lets you in, all the people present there shall serve you at forced labor.
20:11 And it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it shall be, that all the people that are found therein shall become tributary unto thee, and shall serve thee.
כ׳:י"א וִיהֵי אִם שְׁלַם תַּעֲנִנָּךְ וְתִפְתַּח לָךְ וִיהֵי כָּל עַמָּא דְיִשְׁתְּכַח בַּהּ יְהוֹן לָךְ מַסְּקֵי מִסִּין וְיִפְלְחֻנָּךְ:
כ׳:י"ב וְאִם־לֹ֤א תַשְׁלִים֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וְעָשְׂתָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְצַרְתָּ֖ עָלֶֽיהָּ׃
20:12 If it does not surrender to you, but would join battle with you, you shall lay siege to it;
20:12 And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it.
כ׳:י"ב וְאִם לָא תַשְׁלֵם עִמָּךְ וְתַעְבֵּד עִמָּךְ קְרָב וּתְצוּר עֲלַהּ:
כ׳:י"ג וּנְתָנָ֛הּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֥ אֶת־כָּל־זְכוּרָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃
20:13 and when the LORD your God delivers it into your hand, you shall put all its males to the sword.
20:13 And when the LORD thy God delivereth it into thy hand, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword;
כ׳:י"ג וְיִמְסְרִנַּהּ יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ בִּידָךְ וְתִמְחֵי יָת כָּל דְּכוּרַהּ לְפִתְגַּם דְּחָרֶב:
כ׳:י"ד רַ֣ק הַ֠נָּשִׁים וְהַטַּ֨ף וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה בָעִ֛יר כָּל־שְׁלָלָ֖הּ תָּבֹ֣ז לָ֑ךְ וְאָֽכַלְתָּ֙ אֶת־שְׁלַ֣ל אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃
20:14 You may, however, take as your booty the women, the children, the livestock, and everything in the town—all its spoil—and enjoy the use of the spoil of your enemy, which the LORD your God gives you.
20:14 but the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take for a prey unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee.
כ׳:י"ד לְחוֹד נְשַׁיָּא וְטַפְלָא וּבְעִירָא וְכֹל דִּי יְהֵי בְקַרְתָּא כָּל עֲדָאַהּ תֵּבוֹז לָךְ וְתֵיכוּל יָת עֲדָאָה דְסָנְאָךְ דִּי יְהַב יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ לָךְ:
כ׳:ט"ו כֵּ֤ן תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ לְכָל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים הָרְחֹקֹ֥ת מִמְּךָ֖ מְאֹ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־מֵעָרֵ֥י הַגּֽוֹיִם־הָאֵ֖לֶּה הֵֽנָּה׃
20:15 Thus you shall deal with all towns that lie very far from you, towns that do not belong to nations hereabout.
20:15 Thus shalt thou do unto all the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations.
כ׳:ט"ו כֵּן תַּעְבֵּד לְכָל קִרְוַיָּא דִּי רְחִיקִין מִנָּךְ לַחֲדָא דִּי לָא מִקִּרְוֵי עַמְמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין אִנּוּן:
כ׳:ט"ז רַ֗ק מֵעָרֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְחַיֶּ֖ה כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃
20:16 In the towns of the latter peoples, however, which the LORD your God is giving you as a heritage, you shall not let a soul remain alive.
20:16 Howbeit of the cities of these peoples, that the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth,
כ׳:ט"ז לְחוֹד מִקִּרְוֵי עַמְמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין דִּי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יָהֵב לָךְ אַחֲסָנָא לָא תְקַיַּם כָּל נִשְׁמָתָא:
כ׳:י"ז כִּֽי־הַחֲרֵ֣ם תַּחֲרִימֵ֗ם הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃
20:17 No, you must proscribecSee Lev. 27.29. them—the Hittites and the Amorites, the Canaanites and the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you,
20:17 but thou shalt utterly destroy them: the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee;
כ׳:י"ז אֲרֵי גַמָּרָא תְגַמְּרִנּוּן חִתָּאֵי וֶאֱמֹרָאֵי כְּנַעֲנָאֵי וּפְרִזָּאֵי חִוָּאֵי וִיבוּסָאֵי כְּמָא דִי פַקְּדָךְ יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ:
כ׳:י"ח לְמַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יְלַמְּד֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכֹל֙ תּֽוֹעֲבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ (ס)
20:18 lest they lead you into doing all the abhorrent things that they have done for their gods and you stand guilty before the LORD your God.
20:18 that they teach you not to do after all their abominations, which they have done unto their gods, and so ye sin against the LORD your God.
כ׳:י"ח בְּדִיל דִּי לָא יַלְּפוּן יָתְכוֹן לְמֶעְבַּד כְּכָל תּוֹעֲבָתְהוֹן דִּי עֲבָדוּ לְטַעֲוָתְהוֹן וּתְחוֹבוּן קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהֲכוֹן:
כ׳:י"ט כִּֽי־תָצ֣וּר אֶל־עִיר֩ יָמִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים לְֽהִלָּחֵ֧ם עָלֶ֣יהָ לְתָפְשָׂ֗הּ לֹֽא־תַשְׁחִ֤ית אֶת־עֵצָהּ֙ לִנְדֹּ֤חַ עָלָיו֙ גַּרְזֶ֔ן כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ תֹאכֵ֔ל וְאֹת֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִכְרֹ֑ת כִּ֤י הָֽאָדָם֙ עֵ֣ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָבֹ֥א מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃
20:19 When in your war against a city you have to besiege it a long time in order to capture it, you must not destroy its trees, wielding the ax against them. You may eat of them, but you must not cut them down. Are trees of the field human to withdraw before you into the besieged city?
20:19 When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by wielding an axe against them; for thou mayest eat of them, but thou shalt not cut them down; for is the tree of the field man, that it should be besieged of thee?
כ׳:י"ט אֲרֵי תְצוּר לְקַרְתָּא יוֹמִין סַגִּיאִין לַאֲגָחָא עֲלַהּ לְמִכְבְּשַׁהּ לָא תְחַבַּל יָת אִילָנַהּ לַאֲרָמָא עֲלוֹהִי גַּרְזְנָא אֲרֵי מִנֵּיהּ תֵּיכוּל וְיָתֵיהּ לָא תְקוּץ אֲרֵי לָא כַאֲנָשָׁא אִילַן חַקְלָא לְמֵיעַל מִקֳּדָמָךְ בִּצְיָרָא:
כ׳:כ׳ רַ֞ק עֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־לֹא־עֵ֤ץ מַאֲכָל֙ ה֔וּא אֹת֥וֹ תַשְׁחִ֖ית וְכָרָ֑תָּ וּבָנִ֣יתָ מָצ֗וֹר עַל־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨וא עֹשָׂ֧ה עִמְּךָ֛ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַ֥ד רִדְתָּֽהּ׃ (פ)
20:20 Only trees that you know do not yield food may be destroyed; you may cut them down for constructing siegeworks against the city that is waging war on you, until it has been reduced.
20:20 Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for food, them thou mayest destroy and cut down, that thou mayest build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it fall.
כ׳:כ׳ לְחוֹד אִילָן דְּתִדַּע אֲרֵי לָא אִילַן דְּמַאֲכָל הוּא יָתֵיהּ תְּחַבַּל וּתְקוּץ וְתִבְנֵי כַרְקוֹמִין עַל קַרְתָּא דִּי הִיא עָבְדָא עִמָּךְ קְרָבָא עַד דְּתִכְבְּשַׁהּ:
כ"א:א׳ כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃
21:1 If, in the land that the LORD your God is assigning you to possess, someone slain is found lying in the open, the identity of the slayer not being known,
21:1 If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath smitten him;
כ"א:א׳ אֲרֵי יִשְׁתְּכַח קְטִילָא בְּאַרְעָא דִּי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יָהֵב לָךְ לְמֵירְתַהּ רָמֵי בְּחַקְלָא לָא אִתְיְדַע מַן קָטְלֵיהּ:
כ"א:ב׳ וְיָצְא֥וּ זְקֵנֶ֖יךָ וְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יךָ וּמָדְדוּ֙ אֶל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר סְבִיבֹ֥ת הֶחָלָֽל׃
21:2 your elders and magistrates shall go out and measure the distances from the corpse to the nearby towns.
21:2 then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is slain.
כ"א:ב׳ וְיִפְּקוּן סָבָיךְ וְדַיָּנָיךְ וְיִמְשְׁחוּן לְקִרְוַיָּא דִּי סַחֲרָנוּת קְטִילָא:
כ"א:ג׳ וְהָיָ֣ה הָעִ֔יר הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל וְלָֽקְח֡וּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֜וא עֶגְלַ֣ת בָּקָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־עֻבַּד֙ בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־מָשְׁכָ֖ה בְּעֹֽל׃
21:3 The elders of the town nearest to the corpse shall then take a heifer which has never been worked, which has never pulled in a yoke;
21:3 And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke.
כ"א:ג׳ וּתְהֵי קַרְתָּא דִּקָרִיבָא לִקְטִילָא וְיִדְבְּרוּן סָבֵי קַרְתָּא הַהִיא עֶגְלַת תּוֹרֵי דִּי לָא אִתְפְּלַח בַּהּ דִּי לָא נְגִידַת בְּנִיר:
כ"א:ד׳ וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃
21:4 and the elders of that town shall bring the heifer down to an everflowing wadi, which is not tilled or sown. There, in the wadi, they shall break the heifer’s neck.
21:4 And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley.
כ"א:ד׳ וְיֶחֱתוּן סָבֵי קַרְתָּא הַהִיא יָת עֲגַלְתָּא לְנַחֲלָא בַיָּר דִּי לָא אִתְפְּלַח בֵּיהּ וְלָא יִזְדְּרַע וְיִנְקְפוּן תַּמָּן יָת עֲגַלְתָּא בְּנַחֲלָא:
כ"א:ה׳ וְנִגְּשׁ֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִי֒ כִּ֣י בָ֗ם בָּחַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ וּלְבָרֵ֖ךְ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וְעַל־פִּיהֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־רִ֥יב וְכָל־נָֽגַע׃
21:5 The priests, sons of Levi, shall come forward; for the LORD your God has chosen them to minister to Him and to pronounce blessing in the name of the LORD, and every lawsuit and case of assaultaCf. 17.8. Or “skin affection”; cf. 24.8. is subject to their ruling.
21:5 And the priests the sons of Levi shall come near—for them the LORD thy God hath chosen to minister unto Him, and to bless in the name of the LORD; and according to their word shall every controversy and every stroke be.
כ"א:ה׳ וְיִתְקָרְבוּן כָּהֲנַיָּא בְּנֵי לֵוִי אֲרֵי בְהוֹן יִתִּרְעֵי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ לְשַׁמָּשׁוּתֵיהּ וּלְבָרָכָא בִּשְׁמָא דַיְיָ וְעַל מֵימְרֵהוֹן יְהֵי כָּל דִּין וְכָל מַכְתַּשׁ סְגִירוּ:
כ"א:ו׳ וְכֹ֗ל זִקְנֵי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֔וא הַקְּרֹבִ֖ים אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל יִרְחֲצוּ֙ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה הָעֲרוּפָ֥ה בַנָּֽחַל׃
21:6 Then all the elders of the town nearest to the corpse shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the wadi.
21:6 And all the elders of that city, who are nearest unto the slain man, shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley.
כ"א:ו׳ וְכֹל סָבֵי קַרְתָּא הַהִיא דִּקְרִיבִין לִקְטִילָא יַסְחוּן יָת יְדֵיהוֹן עַל עֲגַלְתָּא דִּנְקֶפְתָּא בְנַחֲלָא:
כ"א:ז׳ וְעָנ֖וּ וְאָמְר֑וּ יָדֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א שפכה [שָֽׁפְכוּ֙] אֶת־הַדָּ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְעֵינֵ֖ינוּ לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃
21:7 And they shall make this declaration: “Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it done.
21:7 And they shall speak and say: ‘Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it.
כ"א:ז׳ וִיתִיבוּן וְיֵימְרוּן יְדָנָא לָא אַשְׁדּוֹ יָת דְּמָא הָדֵין וְעֵינָנָא לָא חֲזָאָה:
כ"א:ח׳ כַּפֵּר֩ לְעַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֖רֶב עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃
21:8 Absolve, O LORD, Your people Israel whom You redeemed, and do not let guilt for the blood of the innocent remain among Your people Israel.” And they will be absolved of bloodguilt.
21:8 Forgive, O LORD, Thy people Israel, whom Thou hast redeemed, and suffer not innocent blood to remain in the midst of Thy people Israel.’ And the blood shall be forgiven them.
כ"א:ח׳ כָּהֲנַיָּא יֵימְרוּן כַּפַּר לְעַמָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל דִּי פְרַקְתָּא יְיָ וְלָא תִתֵּן חוֹבַת דַּם זַכַּי בְּגוֹ עַמָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִתְכַּפַּר לְהוֹן עַל דְּמָא:
כ"א:ט׳ וְאַתָּ֗ה תְּבַעֵ֛ר הַדָּ֥ם הַנָּקִ֖י מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ (ס)
21:9 Thus you will remove from your midst guilt for the blood of the innocent, for you will be doing what is right in the sight of the LORD.
21:9 So shalt thou put away the innocent blood from the midst of thee, when thou shalt do that which is right in the eyes of the LORD.
כ"א:ט׳ וְאַתְּ תְּפַלֵּי אַשְׁדִּי דַם זַכַּי מִבֵּינָךְ אֲרֵי תַעְבֵּד דְּכָשָׁר קֳדָם יְיָ:

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