Parasha: Miketz · Aliyah: Seventh (Malchut)

Genesis 43:30–44:17
מ"ג:ל׳ וַיְמַהֵ֣ר יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּֽי־נִכְמְר֤וּ רַחֲמָיו֙ אֶל־אָחִ֔יו וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לִבְכּ֑וֹת וַיָּבֹ֥א הַחַ֖דְרָה וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ שָֽׁמָּה׃
43:30 With that, Joseph hurried out, for he was overcome with feeling toward his brother and was on the verge of tears; he went into a room and wept there.
43:30 And Joseph made haste; for his heart yearned toward his brother; and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there.
מ"ג:ל׳ וְאוֹחִי יוֹסֵף אֲרֵי אִתְגּוֹלְלוּ רַחֲמוֹהִי עַל אֲחוּהִי וּבְעָא לְמִבְכֵּי וְעַל לְאִדְרוֹן בֵּית מִשְׁכְּבָא וּבְכָא תַמָּן:
מ"ג:ל"א וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ פָּנָ֖יו וַיֵּצֵ֑א וַיִּ֨תְאַפַּ֔ק וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׂ֥ימוּ לָֽחֶם׃
43:31 Then he washed his face, reappeared, and—now in control of himself—gave the order, “Serve the meal.”
43:31 And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said: ‘Set on bread.’
מ"ג:ל"א וְאַסְחֵי אַפּוֹהִי וּנְפָק וְאִתְחַסִּין וַאֲמַר שַׁוִּיאוּ לַחְמָא:
מ"ג:ל"ב וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לְבַדּ֖וֹ וְלָהֶ֣ם לְבַדָּ֑ם וְלַמִּצְרִ֞ים הָאֹכְלִ֤ים אִתּוֹ֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוּכְל֜וּן הַמִּצְרִ֗ים לֶאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִים֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לְמִצְרָֽיִם׃
43:32 They served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves; for the Egyptians could not dine with the Hebrews, since that would be abhorrent to the Egyptians.
43:32 And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, that did eat with him, by themselves; because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians.
מ"ג:ל"ב וְשַׁוִּיאוּ לֵיהּ בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי וּלְהוֹן בִּלְחוֹדֵיהוֹן וּלְמִצְרָאֵי דְּאָכְלִין עִמֵּיהּ בִּלְחוֹדֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי לָא יָכְלִין מִצְרָאֵי לְמֵיכַל עִם עִבְרָאֵי לַחְמָא אֲרֵי בְעִירָא דְּמִצְרָאֵי דָחֲלִין לֵיהּ עִבְרָאֵי אָכְלִין:
מ"ג:ל"ג וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו הַבְּכֹר֙ כִּבְכֹ֣רָת֔וֹ וְהַצָּעִ֖יר כִּצְעִרָת֑וֹ וַיִּתְמְה֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵֽהוּ׃
43:33 As they were seated by his direction, from the oldest in the order of his seniority to the youngest in the order of his youth, the men looked at one another in astonishment.
43:33 And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth; and the men marvelled one with another.
מ"ג:ל"ג וְאַסְחָרוּ קֳדָמוֹהִי רַבָּא כְּרַבְיוּתֵיהּ וּזְעֵירָא כִּזְעֵרוּתֵיהּ וּתְמָהוּ גֻבְרַיָּא גְּבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ:
הבכור כבכרתו. מַכֶּה בַּגָּבִיעַ וְקוֹרֵא רְאוּבֵן, שִׁמְעוֹן, לֵוִי, יְהוּדָה, יִשָּׂשכָר, וּזְבוּלֻן, בְּנֵי אֵם אַחַת, הָסֵבּוּ כַּסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה, שֶׁהִיא סֵדֶר תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיכֶם, וְכֵן כֻּלָּם. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְבִנְיָמִין, אָמַר זֶה אֵין לוֹ אֵם וַאֲנִי אֵין לִי אֵם, יֵשֵׁב אֶצְלִי:
מ"ג:ל"ד וַיִּשָּׂ֨א מַשְׂאֹ֜ת מֵאֵ֣ת פָּנָיו֮ אֲלֵהֶם֒ וַתֵּ֜רֶב מַשְׂאַ֧ת בִּנְיָמִ֛ן מִמַּשְׂאֹ֥ת כֻּלָּ֖ם חָמֵ֣שׁ יָד֑וֹת וַיִּשְׁתּ֥וּ וַֽיִּשְׁכְּר֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ׃
43:34 Portions were served them from his table; but Benjamin’s portion was severalcLit. “five.” times that of anyone else. And they drank their fill with him.
43:34 And portions were taken unto them from before him; but Benjamin’s portion was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.
מ"ג:ל"ד וּנְטַל חֳלָקִין מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי לָקֳדָמֵיהוֹן וּסְגִי חֲלָקָא דְבִנְיָמִן מֵחֳלָקֵי דְכָלְּהוֹן חַמְשָׁא חֳלָקִין וּשְׁתִיאוּ וּרְוִיאוּ עִמֵּיהּ:
מ"ד:א׳ וַיְצַ֞ו אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּיתוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַלֵּ֞א אֶת־אַמְתְּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֹ֔כֶל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יוּכְל֖וּן שְׂאֵ֑ת וְשִׂ֥ים כֶּֽסֶף־אִ֖ישׁ בְּפִ֥י אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃
44:1 Then he instructed his house steward as follows, “Fill the men’s bags with food, as much as they can carry, and put each one’s money in the mouth of his bag.
44:1 And he commanded the steward of his house, saying: ‘Fill the men’s sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man’s money in his sack’s mouth.
מ"ד:א׳ וּפַקֵּיד יָת דִּי מְמַנָּא עַל בֵּיתֵיהּ לְמֵימַר מְלֵי יָת טוֹעֲנֵי גֻבְרַיָּא עִיבוּרָא כְּמָה דִי יָכְלִין לְמַטְּלֵי וְשַׁוִּי כְּסַף גְּבַר בְּפוּם טוֹעֲנֵיהּ:
מ"ד:א׳ אור החיים
1מַלֵּא וְגוֹ׳ וְאֶת גְּבִיעִי וְגוֹ׳. צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת טַעַם יוֹסֵף בְּעִנְיָנִים אֵלּוּ. וְאִם לְצַעֲרָם, הֲלֹא מַעֲשָׂיו מוֹכִיחִים כִּי גָּמַר בְּלִבּוֹ הַשָּׁלוֹם וְאָכַל וְשָׁתָה עִמָּהֶם וְהֶרְאָה לָהֶם שָׁלוֹם. וְאוּלַי כִּי נִתְכַּוֵּן לִשְׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים: הָאֶחָד כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּכֻפַּר לָהֶם עֲוֹן הַגְּנֵבָה שֶׁגְּנָבוּהוּ, הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה לָהֶם דִּבְרֵי חֲשָׁד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַבּוֹשֶׁת עַל מִין הֶעָוֹן עַצְמוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף וִיכֻפַּר עֲוֹנָם. וְהַשֵּׁנִי לִרְאוֹת אִם יִתְּנוּ נַפְשָׁם עַל בִּנְיָמִין, וּבְאֶמְצָעוּת זֶה יַכִּיר כִּי מוֹדְדִין מְדִידַת אַחְוָה עִם אָחִיו וִיכַפֵּר לָהֶם עֲוֹנָם. הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לִרְמוֹז לָהֶם עִנְיַן הַגְּנֵבָה אוּלַי יַתְחִילוּ לְהַרְגִּישׁ כִּי יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁמַּכִּיר מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בַּבַּיִת הַלָּז. וְכֵן מָצִינוּ לוֹ שֶׁהָיָה רוֹמֵז לָהֶם הַדָּבָר בִּפְרָטִים אֲחֵרִים, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית מג:לג) ״וַיֵּשְׁבוּ לְפָנָיו הַבְּכוֹר כִּבְכוֹרָתוֹ״ וְגוֹ׳ וְכָאֵלֶּה רַבּוֹת.
אמתחת הקטון מלא את אמתחות האנשים אכל…ואת גביעי תשים בפי. "Fill up the pouches of these men with food and place my goblet in the pouch of the youngest." We need to understand Joseph's motivations in all this. We can hardly assume that he wanted to cause his brothers anguish after he had invited them to his palace and had wined and dined them. Perhaps Joseph had three separate motivations. 1) He wanted that they should be able to atone for having stolen him at the time. By accusing them of theft they would feel the embarassment a thief feels when he has been found out. Once they experienced this feeling they could atone for the sale of Joseph. 2) He wanted to find out if the brothers would risk their lives for the freedom of Benjamin. This would enable him to gauge the degree of brotherliness they felt towards Benjamin. This in turn would enable Joseph to forgive them their sin against him. 3) He sent them a signal that there was somebody in the viceroy's palace who was thoroughly familiar with their past history. He had already made them curious about this on the previous day when he had seated them according to their respective ages at lunch (43,33).
מ"ד:ב׳ וְאֶת־גְּבִיעִ֞י גְּבִ֣יעַ הַכֶּ֗סֶף תָּשִׂים֙ בְּפִי֙ אַמְתַּ֣חַת הַקָּטֹ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת כֶּ֣סֶף שִׁבְר֑וֹ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כִּדְבַ֥ר יוֹסֵ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃
44:2 Put my silver goblet in the mouth of the bag of the youngest one, together with his money for the rations.” And he did as Joseph told him.
44:2 And put my goblet, the silver goblet, in the sack’s mouth of the youngest, and his corn money.’ And he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken.
מ"ד:ב׳ וְיָת קַלִּידִי קַלִּידָא דְכַסְפָּא תְּשַׁוֵּי בְּפוּם טוֹעֲנָא דִזְעֵירָא וְיָת כְּסַף זְבִינוֹהִי וַעֲבַד כְּפִתְגָּמָא דְיוֹסֵף דִּי מַלִּיל:
מ"ד:ג׳ הַבֹּ֖קֶר א֑וֹר וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים שֻׁלְּח֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַחֲמֹרֵיהֶֽם׃
44:3 With the first light of morning, the men were sent off with their pack animals.
44:3 As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their asses.
מ"ד:ג׳ צַפְרָא נְהָר וְגֻבְרַיָּא אִתְפַּטָּרוּ אִנּוּן וַחֲמָרֵיהוֹן:
מ"ד:ד׳ הֵ֠ם יָֽצְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֮ לֹ֣א הִרְחִיקוּ֒ וְיוֹסֵ֤ף אָמַר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ ק֥וּם רְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לָ֛מָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃
44:4 They had just left the city and had not gone far, when Joseph said to his steward, “Up, go after the men! And when you overtake them, say to them, ‘Why did you repay good with evil?
44:4 And when they were gone out of the city, and were not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward: ‘Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them: Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good?
מ"ד:ד׳ אִנּוּן נְפָקוּ מִן קַרְתָּא לָא אַרְחִיקוּ וְיוֹסֵף אֲמַר לְדִי מְמַנָּא עַל בֵּיתֵיהּ קוּם רְדַף בָּתַר גֻּבְרַיָּא וְתַדְבְּקִנּוּן וְתֵימַר לְהוֹן לְמָה אַשְׁלֶמְתּוּן בִּישָׁא חֳלָף טַבְתָא:
מ"ד:ה׳ הֲל֣וֹא זֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁתֶּ֤ה אֲדֹנִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וְה֕וּא נַחֵ֥שׁ יְנַחֵ֖שׁ בּ֑וֹ הֲרֵעֹתֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃
44:5 It is the very one from which my master drinks and which he uses for divination. It was a wicked thing for you to do!’”
44:5 Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby he indeed divineth? ye have done evil in so doing.’
מ"ד:ה׳ הֲלָא דֵין דְּשָׁתֵי רִבּוֹנִי בֵּיהּ וְהוּא בָּדָקָא מְבָדֵק בֵּיהּ אַבְאֶשְׁתּוּן דִּי עֲבַדְתּוּן:
מ"ד:ה׳ אור החיים
1הֲלֹא זֶה וְגוֹ׳. לֹא הֻצְרַךְ לְהַזְכִּירוֹ לֶהֱיוֹת הָאִישׁ הַלָּז הוּא הַנּוֹתֵן הַגָּבִיעַ בְּאַמְתַּחַת בִּנְיָמִין, לָזֶה לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְהַזְכִּירוֹ וּמוּבָן אֶצְלוֹ הַדָּבָר שֶׁעַל הַגָּבִיעַ הוּא מְדַבֵּר, וְכַוָּנַת דְּבָרָיו הוּא לְהוֹדָעַת טַעַם הַרְגָּשָׁתָם בַּגְּנֵבָה תֵּכֶף וּמִיָּד, כִּי זֶה יַגִּיד שֶׁהַדְּבָרִים מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר כּוֹנְנוּ, לָזֶה אָמְרוּ ״הֲלֹא זֶה אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁתֶּה אֲדֹנִי בּוֹ״, פֵּרוּשׁ, בִּתְמִידוּת, וּמִצַּד זֶה הוּא דָּבָר הָרָגִיל לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ, וּמִזֶּה יָדְעוּ תֵּכֶף לִגְנֵבָתוֹ. וְאָמְרוֹ וְהוּא נַחֵשׁ יְנַחֵשׁ בָּא לָתֵת טַעַם לִדְבָרָיו בְּדֶרֶךְ זֶה בִּפְשִׁיטוּת שֶׁהֵם גְּנָבוּהוּ וְלֹא חָשַׁד בְּזוּלַת, לָזֶה אָמַר ״נַחֵשׁ יְנַחֵשׁ״ פֵּרוּשׁ נַחֵשׁ – מַה שֶׁלְּפָנָיו, יְנַחֵשׁ – מַה שֶׁעָתִיד לִהְיוֹת, וּבוֹ נִחֵשׁ וְיָדַע כִּי הֵם יִגְנְבוּהוּ. וְאוּלַי כִּי לְטַעַם זֶה נָתְנוּ לֵב עָלָיו אַחַר הֲלִיכָתָם.
הלא זה אשר ישחה אדוני בו "Is this not (the goblet) which my master drinks out of?" There was no need to mention that the speaker was the man who had deposited the goblet in the pouch of Benjamin. Neither was there a need to inform the reader that he spoke about the goblet. He merely wanted to explain why the theft of this goblet had been discovered immediately. The reason was that Joseph drank from that goblet all the time. The adjutant added that his master used this goblet to divine the future. It was clear then that the reason the brothers stole that goblet was to deprive Joseph of the knowledge the goblet could provide. The adjutant had no reason to suspect anyone else of the theft of this goblet. He repeated the word נחש ינחש both in the past and in the future to support his suspicion by reminding the brothers that they had already observed his master use the goblet to reveal the past. He had divined at that time already that the brothers would steal the goblet.
2הֲרֵעֹתֶם אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם. קָשֶׁה, אַחַר שֶׁאָמַר ״לָמָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּם רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה״, מַה מָקוֹם לוֹמַר הֲרֵעֹתֶם וְגוֹ׳? הֲלֹא אֵין לְךָ רָעָה בָּעוֹלָם כְּמְשַׁלֵּם רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה.
הרעוחם אשר עשיתם "What you have done is bad!" Why did the adjutant add these words after having already accused the brothers of repaying good with evil? Is there anything worse than repaying good with evil?
3וְאוּלַי שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לִסְתּוֹר הוֹכָחַת הַהַפְכִּיּוּת מִמַּה שֶׁהֶחְזִירוּ הַכֶּסֶף הַשָּׁכוּחַ בְּאַמְתַּחְתָּם, כִּי זֶה הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר אֵלָיו גִּלּוּ שֶׁהֵשִׁיבוּ עִמָּהֶם כֶּסֶף הַנִּמְצָא אִתָּם, וְאִם כֵּן יַעֲשֶׂה קַל וָחוֹמֶר ״הֵן כֶּסֶף וְגוֹ׳ וְאֵיךְ נִגְנוֹב״ כְּמוֹ שֶׁהֵשִׁיבוּהוּ אַחַר כָּךְ, לָזֶה אָמַר הֲרֵעוֹתֶם אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם כִּי בָּזֶה סְתַרְתֶּם לְאוֹתָהּ חֲזָקָה שֶׁהֶחֱזַקְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּכַשְׁרוּת בַּמַּעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם בַּהֲשָׁבַת הַכֶּסֶף, וְהוּרְעָה חֶזְקַתְכֶם כִּי לֹא אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת הֵם, וְתוֹלֶה אֲנִי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה בְּדֶרֶךְ מִקְרֶה, וְהוּא מֵהַמִּקְרִים אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּ גַּם הַגַּנָּבִים וְלֹא מִמּוּסַר הַשְׁכֵּל.
Perhaps the adjutant wanted to demolish the good image of themselves the brothers had created when they brought back the money they had found in their bags after arriving home in Canaan. After all, the adjutant was the very person whom they had told that they had found that money and had brought it back with them. As a result, logic should convince him that the brothers had already established their honesty beyond doubt. In fact the brothers were going to use that argument presently. The words: "you have done something bad," were designed to demolish their argument even before they could present it. Henceforth the adjutant would not allow his suspicions against them to be influenced by invoking their past actions. The brothers having returned the money had been motivated by something other than their honesty.
4עוֹד יִרְצֶה בְּאָמְרוֹ הֲרֵעֹתֶם אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, פֵּרוּשׁ בַּהֲשָׁבַת הַכֶּסֶף, כִּי בְּאֶמְצָעוּת דָּבָר זֶה גִּלּוּ אַדַּעְתָּם כִּי מַה שֶׁהֶחְזִירוּ הַכֶּסֶף זֶה אַדְרַבָּא מֵהָרֶשַׁע עָשׂוּ כֵן, לְהַחְזִיק אוֹתָם בַּאֲנָשִׁים בַּעֲלֵי אֱמוּנָה, שֶׁבְּאֶמְצָעוּת זֶה יַאֲמִינוּ בָּהֶם וְיִמְצְאוּ מָקוֹם לִגְנוֹב דְּבָרִים יְקָרִים וְחָשׁוּב מִכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב, כִּי מַחְזִיק הַגָּבִיעַ לִיקַר הָעֵרֶךְ מֵהַכֶּסֶף שֶׁהֵשִׁיבוּ עִמָּהֶם.
The adjutant may even have hinted that the fact that the brothers had brought back the money had been a clever ruse to establish their credibility as honest and upright people, all the while providing a smokescreen for the theft of other more precious objects. The goblet was merely one such object.
מ"ד:ו׳ וַֽיַּשִּׂגֵ֑ם וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
44:6 He overtook them and spoke those words to them.
44:6 And he overtook them, and he spoke unto them these words.
מ"ד:ו׳ וְאַדְבֵּיקִנּוּן וּמַלִּיל עִמְּהוֹן יָת פִּתְגָּמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין:
מ"ד:ז׳ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו לָ֚מָּה יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲדֹנִ֔י כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה חָלִ֙ילָה֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ מֵעֲשׂ֖וֹת כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃
44:7 And they said to him, “Why does my lord say such things? Far be it from your servants to do anything of the kind!
44:7 And they said unto him: ‘Wherefore speaketh my lord such words as these? Far be it from thy servants that they should do such a thing.
מ"ד:ז׳ וַאֲמָרוּ לֵיהּ לְמָה יְמַלֵּל רִבּוֹנִי כְּפִתְגָּמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין חַס לְעַבְדָיךְ מִלְּמֶעְבַּד כְּפִתְגָּמָא הָדֵין:
מ"ד:ז׳ אור החיים
1לָמָּה יְדַבֵּר וְגוֹ׳ כַּדְּבָרִים וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ, מַה מָקוֹם יֵשׁ לוֹ לַדְּבָרִים? לֹא מִבָּעְיָא הַדְּבָרִים עַצְמָם, אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ הַדּוֹמֶה לָהֶם אֵין רָאוּי לוֹ לְדַבֵּר, כָּל דְּדוֹמֶה לְכִעוּר זֶה חָלִילָה לַעֲבָדֶיךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֲפִלּוּ דּוֹמֶה לָזֶה, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה. וְאָמְרוֹ הֵן כֶּסֶף וְגוֹ׳, וְהוּא כְּבָר סָתַר קַל וָחֹמֶר זֶה כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי, נִתְכַּוְּנוּ לִסְתֹּר טַעֲנָתוֹ בֵּין מַה שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁנוּ כִּי כַּוָּנָתוֹ לוֹמַר כִּי סָתְרוּ לְחֶזְקַת הֲשָׁבָה כִּי אֵינָהּ לְצַד אֱמוּנָתָם אֶלָּא דְּבַר מִקְרֶה, אָמְרוּ כִּי הֵן אֱמֶת כִּי יִהְיֶה דָּבָר זֶה דֶּרֶךְ מִקְרֶה בְּאִישׁ גַּזְלָן לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה, אֲבָל לֹא בְּסֵדֶר זֶה שֶׁאַחַר שֶׁזָּכָה בּוֹ וְהוֹלִיכוֹ לְמָקוֹם רָחוֹק יָמִים רַבִּים, אֲפִלּוּ לְאִישׁ נֶאֱמָן קָשֶׁה הוּא אֶצְלוֹ לְהָשִׁיב גָּזֵל הַנֶּאֱכָל, וַאֲנוּ הֲשִׁיבוֹנוּהוּ אֵלֶיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן אַחַר שֶׁזָּכִינוּ בּוֹ לְמֵרָחוֹק, מְצִיאוּת זֶה לֹא יִמָּצֵא אֶלָּא בִּבְחִינַת הַנֶּאֱמָן גָּמוּר. וּכְנֶגֶד מַה שֶׁנִּתְחַכַּמְתָּ לוֹמַר כִּי לְמִרְמָה נִתְכַּוַּנּוּ בַּהֲשָׁבַת הַכֶּסֶף, הֵן אֱמֶת כִּי דְּבָרָיו יֻצְדְּקוּ אִם הָיָה הַגָּבִיעַ נֶחְשָׁב אֶצְלָם לִפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְנַחֵשׁ, יִהְיוּ הַדְּבָרִים כְּטַעֲנָתוֹ, אֲבָל כְּפִי הָאֱמֶת הוּא אֶצְלָם כִּשְׁאָר כֶּסֶף בְּעָלְמָא כִּי לֹא יְנַחֲשׁוּ וְגַם לֹא יָדְעוּ לְנַחֵשׁ בּוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ אֶצְלָם אֶלָּא כִּשְׁאָר כֶּסֶף, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ אֵיךְ נִגְנֹב וְגוֹ׳ כֶּסֶף וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ, אֵינוֹ אֶצְלֵנוּ הַגָּבִיעַ אֶלָּא בְּגֶדֶר כֶּסֶף. וּמַה שֶׁאָמְרוּ אוֹ זָהָב נִתְכַּוְּנוּ לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינָם יוֹדְעִים הַגָּבִיעַ שֶׁהוּא טוֹעֵן עָלָיו אִם הוּא כֶּסֶף אוֹ זָהָב, וְזֶה יַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם יְדִיעָה בּוֹ כָּל עִקָּר.
למה ידבר אדוני כדברים האלה, "Sir, why do you say such things?" The brothers not only objected to what the adjutant had accused them of directly but even to what he had implied, i.e. כדברים האלה, "words similar to these!" Whereas up to that point they were going to use the argument that they had proven their honesty by returning the money, they now had to add something more. This is why they introduced their argument with the words הן כסף, וגו. They agreed that a thief might indeed act in the manner suggested by the adjutant, i.e. establish his credentials by a spurious act such as claiming to return money which he had never stolen in the first place. However, no person who had legally acquired what he had found and had discovered this only after having travelled a long distance as had the brothers, would go to so much trouble merely in order to establish such a point. Besides, they had long ago disposed of the actual money they had discovered. It was totally unbecoming to suspect them of having returned the money for any ulterior motive. Only meticulously honest people would do what they had done. As to the adjutant's argument that the goblet was so valuable because of its properties connected with sorcery, this was meaningless to them. It might be of value to the adjutant's master, but as far as they were concerned the goblet was a mere silver trinket, not worth more than hundreds like it. After all, they were not sorcerers; what good would possession of this goblet be to them?
מ"ד:ח׳ הֵ֣ן כֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָצָ֙אנוּ֙ בְּפִ֣י אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֔ינוּ הֱשִׁיבֹ֥נוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְאֵ֗יךְ נִגְנֹב֙ מִבֵּ֣ית אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ כֶּ֖סֶף א֥וֹ זָהָֽב׃
44:8 Here we brought back to you from the land of Canaan the money that we found in the mouths of our bags. How then could we have stolen any silver or gold from your master’s house!
44:8 Behold, the money, which we found in our sacks’mouths, we brought back unto thee out of the land of Canaan; how then should we steal out of thy lord’s house silver or gold?
מ"ד:ח׳ הָא כַסְפָּא דִּי אַשְׁכַּחְנָא בְּפוּם טוֹעֲנָנָא אֲתֵיבְנוֹהִי לָךְ מֵאַרְעָא דִכְנָעַן וְאֶכְדֵּין נִגְנוּב מִבֵּית רִבּוֹנָךְ כַּסְפָּא אוֹ דַהֲבָא (מָנִין דִּכְסַף אוֹ מָנִין דִּדְהָב):
מ"ד:ט׳ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֥א אִתּ֛וֹ מֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וָמֵ֑ת וְגַם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ נִֽהְיֶ֥ה לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לַעֲבָדִֽים׃
44:9 Whichever of your servants it is found with shall die; the rest of us, moreover, shall become slaves to my lord.”
44:9 With whomsoever of thy servants it be found, let him die, and we also will be my lord’s bondmen.’
מ"ד:ט׳ דִּי יִשְׁתְּכַח עִמֵּיהּ מֵעַבְדָיךְ וּמִית וְאַף אֲנַחְנָא נְהֵי לְרִבּוֹנִי לְעַבְדִּין:
מ"ד:ט׳ אור החיים
1אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ, כְּמִשְׁפַּט בֶּן נֹחַ שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג עַל הַגְּנֵבָה (סנהדרין נז.), וְגַם אֲנַחְנוּ מְחַיְּיבִין עַצְמֵינוּ לִהְיוֹת עֲבָדִים.
אשר ימצא אתו מעבדיך ומת, "whichever of your servants it will be found with shall die, etc." Gentiles are subject to the death penalty for theft (Sanhedrin 54); the brothers offered themselves as slaves in addition
מ"ד:י׳ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־עַתָּ֥ה כְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם כֶּן־ה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֤א אִתּוֹ֙ יִהְיֶה־לִּ֣י עָ֔בֶד וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּהְי֥וּ נְקִיִּֽם׃
44:10 He replied, “Although what you are proposing is right, only the one with whom it is found shall be my slave; but the rest of you shall go free.”
44:10 And he said: ‘Now also let it be according unto your words: he with whom it is found shall be my bondman; and ye shall be blameless.’
מ"ד:י׳ וַאֲמַר אַף כְּעַן כְּפִתְגָּמֵיכוֹן כֶּן הוּא דִּי יִשְׁתְּכַח עִמֵּיהּ יְהֵי לִי עַבְדָּא וְאַתּוּן תְּהוֹן זַכָּאִין:
מ"ד:י׳ אור החיים
1וַיֹּאמֶר גַּם עַתָּה וְגוֹ׳. צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת אָמְרוֹ גַּם מַה נִתְחַדֵּשׁ עַתָּה לְעִנְיַן הַדִּין. וְעוֹד קָשֶׁה אָמְרוֹ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן הוּא, וְרוֹאַנִי שֶׁהוּא הֵפֶךְ דִּבְרֵיהֶם, כִּי הֵם אָמְרוּ ״אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא אִתּוֹ וָמֵת״, וְהוּא אָמַר ״יִהְיֶה עָבֶד״.
ויאמר גם עתה בדבריכם כן הוא, He said: "also now I accept your words, etc." What does the word גם contribute to the legal aspects of what was taking place? Besides, what did the adjutant mean when he said: "it is as your words?" It appears that he did not accept their words; the brothers had decreed death on the thief whereas the adjutant had decreed only slavery!
2וְאוּלַי שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לְהָשִׁיב עַל מַה שֶׁאָמְרוּ ״הֵן כֶּסֶף אֲשֶׁר מָצָאנוּ״ וְגוֹ׳, וְאָמַר: ״גַּם עַתָּה אַחַר שֶׁנֶּחְשְׁדוּ בַּדָּבָר, אֲנִי מַצְדִּיק דִּבְרֵיכֶם שֶׁלֹּא גְנַבְתֶּם וְעוֹמְדִים אַתֶּם בְּחֶזְקַת אֱמוּנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, אֲבָל אֵינְכֶם יְכוֹלִין לְהַצְדִּיק כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִכֶּם, כִּי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיִּמָּצֵא בָּהֶם אָח לֹא לֶאֱמוּנָה עָשָׂה וְאוֹתוֹ נָטַל הַגָּבִיעַ, וְאֵין טַעֲנָתִי אֶלָּא עַל אֶחָד מִכֶּם, וּמִשְׁפָּטוֹ הוּא יִהְיֶה לִי עָבֶד״. וַהֲגַם שֶׁחַיָּב מִיתָה, הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי בְּיָדִי לְשַׁעְבְּדוֹ עַד עֵת אֲשֶׁר אֶחְפֹּץ לַהֲמִיתוֹ.
Perhaps the adjutant replied to the argument that they had proven their honesty by returning money they had found and were legally entitled to keep. The adjutant admitted that those who had previously returned to Canaan had indeed proven that they should not be accused of theft. Neither Shimon nor Benjamin had proven this, however.. Shimon had been in jail and Benjamin had not been in Egypt previously. The adjutant therefore reduced his suspicion from a collective one to one addressed to either Shimon or Benjamin. As to the death penalty, he was going to keep the thief as a slave until such time as it would please his master to execute him.
3אוֹ יִרְצֶה שֶׁטָּעַן שֶׁאֵין בְּפִיהֶם נְכוֹנָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ ״וָמֵת״, כִּי אֵין חִיּוּב מִיתָה אֶלָּא אִם יֵשׁ עֵדוּת עַל הַגְּנֵבָה שֶׁרָאוּהוּ שֶׁנְּטָלוֹ, אֲבָל מְצִיאוּת זֶה אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא אֻמְדְּנָא, לֹא יִתְחַיֵּב אֶלָּא מִדִּינָא דְּמַלְכוּתָא.
Alternatively, the adjutant argued that the brothers were quite wrong legally. The death penalty is administered only to thieves who have been convicted by the testimony of witnesses who have observed the thief commit the crime. In this instance even the discovery of the stolen object would only be circumstantial evidence. The thief would therefore be guilty by reason of the local legal system, not by G'd's decree.
4וְאָמְרוֹ וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ נְקִיִּים, כִּי בְּחֶזְקַת כַּשְׁרוּת עוֹמְדִים, וְלֹא יִתָּפְשׂוּ מִדִּין עֲשָׂרָה שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בְּיַד אֶחָד מֵהֶם הַגְּנֵבָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵין עֵדוּת עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁנּוֹעֲדוּ יַחַד וְגָנְבוּ.
ואתם תהיו נקיים, "whereas [the rest of you] will be innocent." You retain your presumption of innocence; the fact that the goblet will be found amongst one of you does not make you an accessory unless there was evidence that you were aware of the theft and had condoned it.
מ"ד:י"א וַֽיְמַהֲר֗וּ וַיּוֹרִ֛דוּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אַמְתַּחְתּ֖וֹ אָ֑רְצָה וַֽיִּפְתְּח֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ׃
44:11 So each one hastened to lower his bag to the ground, and each one opened his bag.
44:11 Then they hastened, and took down every man his sack to the ground, and opened every man his sack.
מ"ד:י"א וְאוֹחִיאוּ וּנְחִיתוּ (ס"א וְאַחִיתוּ) גְּבַר יָת טוֹעֲנֵיהּ לְאַרְעָא וּפְתָחוּ גְּבַר טוֹעֲנֵיהּ:
מ"ד:י"ב וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ בַּגָּד֣וֹל הֵחֵ֔ל וּבַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּלָּ֑ה וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ הַגָּבִ֔יעַ בְּאַמְתַּ֖חַת בִּנְיָמִֽן׃
44:12 He searched, beginning with the oldest and ending with the youngest; and the goblet turned up in Benjamin’s bag.
44:12 And he searched, beginning at the eldest, and leaving off at the youngest; and the goblet was found in Benjamin’s sack.
מ"ד:י"ב וּבְלַשׁ בְּרַבָּא שָׁרִי וּבִזְעֵירָא שֵׁצִי וְאִשְׁתְּכַח קַלִּידָא בְּטוֹעֲנָא דְּבִנְיָמִן:
מ"ד:י"ג וַֽיִּקְרְע֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הָעִֽירָה׃
44:13 At this they rent their clothes. Each reloaded his pack animal, and they returned to the city.
44:13 And they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and returned to the city.
מ"ד:י"ג וּבְזָעוּ לְבוּשֵׁיהוֹן וּרְמוֹ גְּבַר עַל חֲמָרֵיהּ וְתָבוּ לְקַרְתָּא:
וישובו העירה. מֶטְרוֹפּוֹלִין הָיְתָה, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר הָעִירָה, הָעִיר כָּל שֶׁהוּא אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה חֲשׁוּבָה בְעֵינֵיהֶם אֶלָּא כְעִיר בֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁל י' בְּנֵי אָדָם לְעִנְיַן הַמִּלְחָמָה:
מ"ד:י"ד וַיָּבֹ֨א יְהוּדָ֤ה וְאֶחָיו֙ בֵּ֣יתָה יוֹסֵ֔ף וְה֖וּא עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ שָׁ֑ם וַיִּפְּל֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃
44:14 When Judah and his brothers reentered the house of Joseph, who was still there, they threw themselves on the ground before him.
44:14 And Judah and his brethren came to Joseph’s house, and he was yet there; and they fell before him on the ground.
מ"ד:י"ד וְעַל יְהוּדָה וַאֲחוֹהִי לְבֵית יוֹסֵף וְהוּא עַד כְּעַן תַּמָּן וּנְפָלוּ קֳדָמוֹהִי לְאַרְעָא:
מ"ד:ט"ו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יוֹסֵ֔ף מָֽה־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם הֲל֣וֹא יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם כִּֽי־נַחֵ֧שׁ יְנַחֵ֛שׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּמֹֽנִי׃
44:15 Joseph said to them, “What is this deed that you have done? Do you not know that a man like me practices divination?”
44:15 And Joseph said unto them: ‘What deed is this that ye have done? know ye not that such a man as I will indeed divine?’
מ"ד:ט"ו וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן יוֹסֵף מָה עוֹבָדָא הָדֵין דִּי עֲבַדְתּוּן הֲלָא יְדַעְתּוּן אֲרֵי בָדָקָא מְבָדֵק גַּבְרָא דִּי כְוָתִי:
הלא ידעתם כי נחש ינחש וגו'. הֲלֹא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּי אִישׁ חָשׁוּב כָּמוֹנִי יוֹדֵעַ לְנַחֵשׁ וְלָדַעַת מִדַּעַת וּמִסְּבָרָא וּבִינָה, כִּי אַתֶּם גְּנַבְתֶּם הַגָּבִיעַ:
מ"ד:ט"ו אור החיים
1הֲלֹא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּי נַחֵשׁ וְגוֹ׳. בָּזֶה נִתְכַּוֵּן לִסְתּוֹר גַּם כֵּן טַעֲנָתָם שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ: מִי גִּלָּה לָכֶם סוֹד זֶה כִּי אָנוּ הַגַּנָּבִים, זוּלַת אִם נֹאמַר כִּי מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם הֵמָּה וְהוּא עָשָׂה הַדָּבָר, לָזֶה אָמַר: ״הֲלֹא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּי נַחֵשׁ״ וְגוֹ׳, וּמִזֶּה יָדַע.
הלא ידעתם כי נחש ינחש איש אשר כמוני, "Did you not know that a man such as I is able to divine things?" With this comment Joseph wanted to answer the brothers' accusation that he had framed them, since how could he have known that they had committed the theft unless they had themselves confessed to it? Joseph headed off such an accusation by saying that someone like himself practiced sorcery.
2וְאָמְרוֹ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר כָּמוֹנִי. פֵּרוּשׁ, מִן הַסְּתָם כָּל אָדָם גָּדוֹל כָּמוֹנִי יְנַחֵשׁ לָדַעַת נִסְתָּרוֹת אֲשֶׁר יוּכַל לְהַשִּׂיג, וְאִם כֵּן יִתְגַּלֶּה הַדָּבָר אֵלַי, וְהָיָה לָכֶם לָחוּשׁ עַל הַדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא יִפָּלֵא מִמֶּנִּי.
The reason the Torah has Joseph describe the sorcery as being performed not "by myself," but by someone "in a high position such as I" was, that not just he but anyone who occupied high office was presumed to be able to divine things like that. The brothers should have taken this into consideration before stealing anything.
מ"ד:ט"ז וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה מַה־נֹּאמַר֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י מַה־נְּדַבֵּ֖ר וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים מָצָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ הִנֶּנּ֤וּ עֲבָדִים֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ גַּ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
44:16 Judah replied, “What can we say to my lord? How can we plead, how can we prove our innocence? God has uncovered the crime of your servants. Here we are, then, slaves of my lord, the rest of us as much as he in whose possession the goblet was found.”
44:16 And Judah said: ‘What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves? God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants; behold, we are my lord’s bondmen, both we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.’
מ"ד:ט"ז וַאֲמַר יְהוּדָה מַה נֵּימַר לְרִבּוֹנִי מַה נְּמַלֵּל וּמַה נִּזְכֵּי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ אִשְׁתְּכַח יָת חוֹבָא בְעַבְדָּיךְ הָא אֲנַחְנָא עַבְדִּין לְרִבּוֹנִי אַף אֲנַחְנָא אַף דְּאִשְׁתְּכַח קַלִּידָא בִּידֵיהּ:
מ"ד:ט"ז אור החיים
1מַה נֹּאמַר לַאדֹנִי. פֵּירוּשׁ: אֲמִירָה בְּדֶרֶךְ רִצּוּי. מַה נְּדַבֵּר. פֵּרוּשׁ, דִּבּוּר קוֹשִׁי בְּדֶרֶךְ מִלְחָמָה, מַה נִּצְטַדָּק. פֵּרוּשׁ, בְּמִשְׁפָּט אִם נָבוֹא לִפְנֵי דַּיָּנִים, כִּי אֵין מִפְלָט לָהֶם בְּכוּלָּן, וְאֵין זֶה אֶלָּא מַעֲשֵׂה אֱלֹהִים הֵמָּה לְהִפָּרַע מֵהֶם עֲוֹנָם כְּשֶׁמָּצָא לִגְבּוֹת חוֹבוֹ, וּלְצַד כִּי הֶעָוֹן שֶׁבְּיָדָם הוּא לְכוּלָּם יַחַד, ״הִנֶּנּוּ עֲבָדִים לַאדֹנִי״ וְגוֹ׳:
מה נאמר מה נדבר, "What can we say, how can we speak?" The expression אמירה refers to mild talk, whereas the expression דבור refers to aggressive, tough talk. When the brothers added: מה נצתדק, "how can we justify ourselves?," they referred to their defence in a court of law. They considered that all these trumped up charges were retribution by G'd. The time apparently had come to pay for their guilt. Inasmuch as they were all guilty vis-a-vis G'd, they offered themselves as slaves.
2עוֹד יִרְצֶה בְּאָמְרוֹ מַה נִּצְטַדָּק, כִּי מֵעַתָּה כְּשֶׁנִּמְצֵאת הַגָּבִיעַ בְּאַמְתַּחַת בִּנְיָמִין אֵין עוֹד מָקוֹם לַקַּל וָחוֹמֶר הָאָמוּר בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם ״הֵן כֶּסֶף״ וְגוֹ׳, כִּי בִּנְיָמִין לֹא הָיָה מֵהַמַּחְזִירִים כֶּסֶף הַשָּׁב.
It is also possible that when the brothers spoke of "how can we justify ourselves?," they referred to the disastrous discovery of the goblet in Benjamin's pouch. This fact had destroyed their collective defence that they had already proven their honesty by having returned the money they had found in their bags upon their return to Canaan; alas, Benjamin had not been with them at the time.
3גַּם אֲנַחְנוּ. פֵּרוּשׁ, הֲגַם שֶׁלֹּא נִמְצָא בְּיָדֵינוּ הַגְּנֵבָה. וְאָמְרוֹ גַּם אֲשֶׁר וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ, לְצַד שֶׁהֶעָוֹן שֶׁהוּכַּר אֶצְלָם אֵין בִּנְיָמִין בִּכְלַל הֶעָוֹן, לָזֶה אָמְרוּ ״גַּם אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא״ וְגוֹ׳, עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם (סנהדרין צג.) שְׁנֵי עֵצִים יְבֵשִׁים וְחַד רָטוֹב וְכוּ׳, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁכּוּלָּם נִלְכְּדוּ בַּעֲוֹנָם וְהוּא הָיָה עִמָּהֶם, נִלְכַּד בִּשְׁחִיתוֹתָם.
גם אנחנו, both we, etc. The word גם may be understood as הגם, i.e. "even though the goblet has not been found in our pouches." Inasmuch as the sin the brothers had been guilty of did not include Benjamin at all, seeing he had been far too young to participate in the sale of Joseph, they said: "as well as the one in whose pouch the goblet has been found;" they attributed Benjamin's having been found with the goblet in his pouch as a misfortune that had befallen Benjamin only because he had travelled with sinners such as they. We find a similar use of two apparently not only unrelated but completely contradictory phenomena when the Talmud in Sanhedrin 93 compares "two dried out trees and one moist one," saying that when the dry trees go up in flames even the green tree is burnt up together with them.
4אוֹ יִרְצֶה שֶׁלֹּא יָבִין שֶׁעוֹדָם בְּדַעַת רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁאָמְרוּ ״אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא אִתּוֹ וָמֵת וְגַם אֲנַחְנוּ״, לָזֶה גָּמְרוּ אוֹמֶר כִּי אֵין הַסְכָּמַת מָוֶת בֵּינֵיהֶם, אֶלָּא גַּם אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא מִשְׁפָּט עַבְדוּת יֵשׁ לוֹ וְלֹא מִשְׁפָּט מָוֶת, וּמִטַּעַם שֶׁאֵין עֵדִים עַל הַגְּנֵבָה וְיוּכַל לוֹמַר ״לֹא יָדַעְתִּי מִי שָׂם״ וְגוֹ׳.
Alternatively, the brothers shifted gears by no longer speaking about the person in whose pouch the goblet was found as being guilty of death, but גם אנחנו "we too" i.e. Benjamin was to be subject to the same penalty they had declared themselves as guilty of in verse 9, namely slavery. They justified this by citing the fact that there were no witnesses to the actual theft. Benjamin was able to plead that he did not know who placed the goblet in his pouch.
מ"ד:י"ז וַיֹּ֕אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֔י מֵעֲשׂ֖וֹת זֹ֑את הָאִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א הַגָּבִ֜יעַ בְּיָד֗וֹ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶה־לִּ֣י עָ֔בֶד וְאַתֶּ֕ם עֲל֥וּ לְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־אֲבִיכֶֽם׃ (פ)
44:17 But he replied, “Far be it from me to act thus! Only he in whose possession the goblet was found shall be my slave; the rest of you go back in peace to your father.”
44:17 And he said: ‘Far be it from me that I should do so; the man in whose hand the goblet is found, he shall be my bondman; but as for you, get you up in peace unto your father.’
מ"ד:י"ז וַאֲמַר חַס לִי מִלְּמֶעְבַּד דָּא גַּבְרָא דִּי יִשְׁתְּכַח קַלִּידָא בִּידֵיהּ הוּא יְהֵי לִי עַבְדָּא וְאַתּוּן סְקוֹ לִשְׁלַם לְוַת אֲבוּכוֹן:
מ"ד:י"ז אור החיים
1חָלִילָה לִּי וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ: אִם ה׳ מָצָא לָכֶם עָוֹן, אֲנִי לֹא אָדוּן עַל הַדָּבָר אֶלָּא עַל מַה שֶׁנִּתְגַּלָּה לִי מֵהַמִּשְׁפָּט הַצֶּדֶק, וְעַל חֵטְא זֶה אֲנִי שׁוֹפֵט ״הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא וְגוֹ׳ יִהְיֶה לִי עָבֶד וְגוֹ׳ וְאַתֶּם עֲלוּ לְשָׁלוֹם״. וּבָזֶה נָחָה דַּעְתִּי בְּמַה שֶׁרוֹאַנִי שֶׁדִּבֵּר יְהוּדָה כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה, שֶׁזֶּה יַגִּיד כִּי כָּלוּ לוֹ דִּבְרֵי פִּיּוּס וְקִבֵּל הַמִּשְׁפָּט, וְאֵיךְ תּוֹךְ כְּדֵי דִבּוּר ״וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו״ וְדִבֵּר דְּבָרִים עַתִּיקִים. וּלְדִבְרֵינוּ צָדְקוּ הַדְּבָרִים, כִּי מִקֹּדֶם חָשַׁב כִּי מֵה׳ יָצָא הַדָּבָר כִּי מָצָא הָאֱלֹהִים עֲוֹנָם, וּכְשֶׁרָאוּ שֶׁלֹּא קִבֵּל יוֹסֵף אֶלָּא בִּנְיָמִין לְבַד, אָמַר, הֲרֵי זֶה לְךָ לְאוֹת כִּי לֹא עַל עָוֹן נִתְפְּסוּ, וּמֵעַתָּה עָמַד הַדָּבָר לְצַד בְּחִירַת הַבְּחִירִי, לָזֶה ״וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה״.
חלילה לי מעשות זאת, "It would be a disgrace if I were to do such a thing." Joseph meant that even if it were true that G'd was using this opportunity to punish the brothers for some other sin, he was neither authorised nor competent to administer such retribution. He was only authorised to deal with guilt which was obvious to him. He was entitled to judge the person in whose possession the goblet had been found. The brothers were free to go home, however. Joseph thought that by allowing them all to go and by keeping only Benjamin as a slave he had appeased Yehudah. He felt certain that Yehudah had accepted the verdict. How was he to know that Yehudah would immediately begin to lambast him as is evident in the following verses. According to our view Yehudah reasoned with Joseph as long as he felt that they were all being punished for something they had done in the past. When he realised that innocent Benjamin was being singled out for punishment whereas they, the guilty ones, were allowed to go free, he realised that he did not confront divine judgment in the person of Joseph, but that Joseph was a capricious ruler who had framed Benjamin for reasons of his own. There was therefore no cause for the brothers to submit to what they had previously considered as divine retribution.
2חסלת פרשת מקץ

Sign in to track your Shnayim Mikra progress